Bleaching, Dyeing, And Calico-Printing: With Formulae Not, Available: - gebruikt boek

BLEACHING, DYEING, AND CALICO-PRINTING. ANNOUNCEMENT. TECHNOLOGICAL HANDBOOKS. THIS series has been designed to meet the wants of those who, account of the high price of an encyclopaedia, are unwilling to purchase when they wish to consult but a small portion of it, and of others who seek for fuller infor- mation than can be found in works of such scope. It is hoped that these Handbooks will be of use both to the expert and the beginner. Each book will be complete in itself, embracing informa- tion on several collateral subjects, illustrations being intro- duced whenever they will be found of advantage in explain- ing the text. They will be issued in handy form, at a low price. The editing has been undertaken by Mr. John Gardner, who has had large experience in work of this kind, having been interested in the preparation of recent editions of Cooleys Cyclopaedia. The first volume appeals to all interested in the Manu- facture and Trade of ALCOHOL COMPOUNDS. The second, now offered to the reader, treats of BLEACHING, DYEIXG, and CALICO-PRINTING. The third volume, which is in active preparation, will deal with ACETIC ACID and YINEGAR, AMMONIA, and ALUM. J. A. CHURCHILL. CHURCHILLS TECHNOLOGICAL HANDBOOKS. BLEACHING, DYEING, AND CALICO-FEINTING Witfo JT G LONDON 3. A. CHUKCHILL, 11, NEW BURLINGTON STREET. 1884. QJ EDITORS PREFACE. ALTHOUGH the present volume claims to be little more than a summary of the arts of Bleaching, Dyeing, and Calico-printing, the Editor hopes it may, notwithstand- ing, be found a ready and serviceable manual for practical workers, and that in many cases, it may be instrumental in shortening the time and trouble, that would otherwise be expended in consulting thepages of larger and more elaborateworks. TheEditorhas to tender his grateful acknowledgments to his friends, Air. J. F. HODGES, jun., of Belfast, and Mr. JAMES CHADWICK, of Manchester the former for his valuable assistance in the compilation of the chapter on Bleaching, - the latter for his no less valuable contributions to the sections on Dyeing and Calico- printing. To Mr. CHADWICK the Editor is indebted vi EDITORS PREFACE. for many of liis formulae, and additionally for a large amount of equally useful technical information. Lastly, the Editor has to acknowledge his indebted- ness to Mr. CKOOKES Practical Handbook of Dyeing and Calico-printing 3 URES Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines WAGNERS Chemical Technology, editedby W. CROOKES, F.E.S. CALVERTS Dyeing and Calico-printing edited by STENHOUSE and GROVES, F.K.S., and SPOXS Encyclopaedia of the Industrial Arts all of which works have been consulted in the preparation of this little volume. LONDON, December, 1883. JOHX GARDNER, F.I.C., E.G.a CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE I. BLEACHING i II. DYEING 33 III. CALICO-PRIXTI-XCJ 61 IV. DYE STUFFS 133 APPENDIX 193 BLEACHING, DYEING, AND CALICO PRINTING. CHAPTER I. BLEACHING. BLEACHING is the process by which the colour of bodies, natural or acquired, is removed, and by which they are rendered white or colourless. It is more particularly applied to the decolorization of textile filaments, and of cloths made of them. Bleaching is a veryancient art, as passages referring to it in the earlier sacred and other writers fully testify. It had probably reached a high degree of excellence among the inhabitants of the first Assyrian empire, and was certainly practised in Egypt long before thecommencement of written history. We may fairly assume that fine white linen formed part of the raiment, which, together with jewels of gold and jewels of silver and precious things, Abraham sent as presents to the beautiful Rebekah and her family, fully three centuries and a half before the Exodus. Subsequently, in Scripture, we have special mention of fine linen, white and clean. Herodotus, the earliest Greek historian, tells us that the Babylonians wore white cloaks and in Athenseus we read of shining fine linen, B