2015, ISBN: 3954042622

[EAN: 9783954042623], Neubuch, [PU: Cuvillier], nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Raps ist die wichtigste Ölpflanze in Deutschland, jedoch ist der Ertrag stark durch tierische Schädl… Meer...

[EAN: 9783954042623], Neubuch, [PU: Cuvillier], nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Raps ist die wichtigste Ölpflanze in Deutschland, jedoch ist der Ertrag stark durch tierische Schädlinge gefährdet. Die Kontrolle dieser Schädlinge erfolgt meist mittels synthetischer Insektizide. Da jedoch eine Häufung von Schädlingspopulationen mit Resistenzen gegen wichtige Insektizidgruppen zu beobachten ist, wird die Suche nach integrierten Bekämpfungsstrategien zunehmend wichtiger. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Brassicaceen mit verminderter Anfälligkeit gegen die wichtigsten Schadinsekten zu finden. Des Weiteren wurde die Eignung von Winterrübsen (Brassica rapa L. silvestris) als Fangpflanze in Winterraps untersucht. In Klimakammerversuchen wurde die Larvenentwicklung und das Fraßverhalten von adulten Rapserdflöhen (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) an unterschiedlichen Brassicaceen untersucht. Um Resistenzmechanismen in den verschiedenen Pflanzenarten zu identifizieren, wurden Glucosinolate, Zucker und Gesamtphenole in den Blattspreiten analysiert, sowie die Trichomdichte auf der Blattoberseite und das Trockengewicht bestimmt. In den Blattstielen, in denen sich die Rapserdflohlarven natürlicherweise entwickeln, wurde ebenfalls der Glucosinolatgehalt bestimmt. In dreijährigen Feldversuchen wurde die Effizienz verschiedener Rübsensorten als mögliche Fangpflanze an zwei Standorten untersucht. Außerdem wurde die Eignung von Rübsen-Fangstreifen sowie einer Mischsaat aus Raps und Rübsen als Maßnahme zur Minderung des Rapserdfloh- (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.), Rapsstengelrüssler- (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.), Kohltriebrüssler- (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.), Rapsglanzkäfer- (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) und Kohlschotenrüsslerbefalls (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.) in Winterraps untersucht.Die Entwicklung der Rapserdflohlarven unterschied sich signifikant in den untersuchten Wirtspflanzenarten. Während Larven, die an Rübsen angezogen wurden, das höchste Frischgewicht aufwiesen, waren Larven, die an Weißem Senf (Sinapis alba L.) angezogen wurden, am leichtesten. Das Larvengewicht war an Weißkohl (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba) und Ölrettich (Raphanus sativa L. var. oleiformis) im Vergleich zu Raps ebenfalls signifikant reduziert. In unseren Versuchen konnten wir eine positive Korrelation zwischen dem Gewicht der Rapserdflohlarven und den Glucosinolaten Progoitrin und 4-Hydroxybrassicin in den Blattstielen der Wirtspflanzen feststellen. In den Wahlversuchen bevorzugten die adulten Rapserdflöhe Rübsen signifikant vor Raps. Weißkohl wies hingegen einen geringeren Blattfraß als Raps auf, wenn beide Arten zur Wahl angeboten wurden. Die konsumierte Blattfläche der Versuchstiere war positiv mit der Trichomdichte korreliert, jedoch nicht mit dem Glucosinolat-, Zucker- und Gesamtphenolgehalt oder dem Trockengewicht der Blattspreiten. In den Feldversuchen waren die Rübsensorten signifikant stärker mit Rapserdflohlarven und Rapsglanzkäfern befallen als der Winterraps, wobei die Rübsensorte ,Malwira' attraktiver für den Rapsglanzkäfer war als die übrigen geprüften Rübsensorten. Die höhere Attraktivität des Rübsens führte jedoch weder in den Fangstreifen- noch in den Mischsaatversuchen zu einer Reduktion des Schädlingsbefalls im angrenzenden Rapsbestand beziehungsweise in den Rapspflanzen der Mischsaat.Die geringe Wirtsqualität des Weißen Senf für die Larven des Rapserdflohs könnte zukünftig für die Züchtung von Rapssorten mit geringerer Anfälligkeit gegenüber Insekten genutzt werden. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen zeigen, ob eine Kombination aus Rübsen-Fangstreifen und einer Randbehandlung mit Insektiziden die Effektivität des Fangpflanzenverfahrens erhöhen kann. 132 pp. Deutsch, Books<

ISBN: 9783954042623

Substantial economic yield losses are regularly caused by insect pests to crops of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Europe. The control of these pests is usually achieved by applicatio… Meer...

Substantial economic yield losses are regularly caused by insect pests to crops of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Europe. The control of these pests is usually achieved by application of synthetic insecticides. Emerging resistances of insects against specific active ingredients require integrated pest management strategies. The aim of this study was to identify cultivars of oilseed rape and other brassicaceous species which are less susceptibility or even resistant to herbivore feeding. Moreover, the suitability of turnip rape as a trap crop for insect pests in oilseed rape was investigated. Experiments were conducted under controlled climate conditions to assess the larval performance and adult feeding preference of the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.; CSFB) on different brassicaceous species. To identify potential resistance mechanisms, leaf laminas were analyzed for sugars, phenolics and glucosinolates and petioles were analyzed for glucosinolates. Additionally, trichome densities and dry weight of leaf laminas was assessed. Extensive field plot experiments were established to evaluate the suitability of different turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. silvestris) cultivars as trap crop. The effect of turnip rape, grown as perimeter strips or in mixtures with oilseed rape, on infestation by CSFB, rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.), pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.) on oilseed rape was investigated. Larval performance of CSFB significantly differed between brassicaceous species. While larvae reared in turnip rape gained the highest weight, larvae developing on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) gained lowest. Larval performance was also significantly reduced when larvae fed on white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativa L. var. oleiformis) compared to oilseed rape. Performance of larvae was positively correlated with the content of the glucosinolates progoitrin and 4-hydroxybrassicin in the leave petioles. In dual choice experiments adult CSFB preferred turnip rape to oilseed rape for feeding, while white cabbage was less preferred. Feeding preference was not correlated with the content of glucosinolates, sugars and penolics in the leaf lamina while the feeding preference was positively correlated with the trichome density. In field experiments turnip rape was significantly higher infested by CSFB and pollen beetle than oilseed rape. Among four cultivars of turnip rape ‘Malwira' was preferred by pollen beetles. However, higher attractiveness of the turnip rape in perimeter strips and in mixtures with oilseed rape did not reduce the infestation levels of the main crop by pests. The antixenosis resistance of white mustard to CSFB larvae is regarded as having potential for breeding oilseed rape cultivars less susceptible to insect pests. Both trap cropping strategies did not reduce pest infestation of the main crop and are not suitable for use as a single pest management strategy. A combination of a turnip rape perimeter strips and targeted insecticide application to these strips may contribute to an effective trap crop strategy. Furthermore a less susceptible cultivar of oilseed rape as main crop in combination with a highly attractive trap crop could contribute to a better efficacy of the perimeter strips for insect pest management. Buch 21.0 x 14.8 x 0.7 cm , Cuvillier Verlag, Alexander Döring, Cuvillier Verlag, der<

ISBN: 9783954042623

Substantial economic yield losses are regularly caused by insect pests to crops of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Europe. The control of these pests is usually achieved by applicatio… Meer...

Substantial economic yield losses are regularly caused by insect pests to crops of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Europe. The control of these pests is usually achieved by application of synthetic insecticides. Emerging resistances of insects against specific active ingredients require integrated pest management strategies. The aim of this study was to identify cultivars of oilseed rape and other brassicaceous species which are less susceptibility or even resistant to herbivore feeding. Moreover, the suitability of turnip rape as a trap crop for insect pests in oilseed rape was investigated. Experiments were conducted under controlled climate conditions to assess the larval performance and adult feeding preference of the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.; CSFB) on different brassicaceous species. To identify potential resistance mechanisms, leaf laminas were analyzed for sugars, phenolics and glucosinolates and petioles were analyzed for glucosinolates. Additionally, trichome densities and dry weight of leaf laminas was assessed. Extensive field plot experiments were established to evaluate the suitability of different turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. silvestris) cultivars as trap crop. The effect of turnip rape, grown as perimeter strips or in mixtures with oilseed rape, on infestation by CSFB, rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.), pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.) on oilseed rape was investigated. Larval performance of CSFB significantly differed between brassicaceous species. While larvae reared in turnip rape gained the highest weight, larvae developing on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) gained lowest. Larval performance was also significantly reduced when larvae fed on white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativa L. var. oleiformis) compared to oilseed rape. Performance of larvae was positively correlated with the content of the glucosinolates progoitrin and 4-hydroxybrassicin in the leave petioles. In dual choice experiments adult CSFB preferred turnip rape to oilseed rape for feeding, while white cabbage was less preferred. Feeding preference was not correlated with the content of glucosinolates, sugars and penolics in the leaf lamina while the feeding preference was positively correlated with the trichome density. In field experiments turnip rape was significantly higher infested by CSFB and pollen beetle than oilseed rape. Among four cultivars of turnip rape ‘Malwira' was preferred by pollen beetles. However, higher attractiveness of the turnip rape in perimeter strips and in mixtures with oilseed rape did not reduce the infestation levels of the main crop by pests. The antixenosis resistance of white mustard to CSFB larvae is regarded as having potential for breeding oilseed rape cultivars less susceptible to insect pests. Both trap cropping strategies did not reduce pest infestation of the main crop and are not suitable for use as a single pest management strategy. A combination of a turnip rape perimeter strips and targeted insecticide application to these strips may contribute to an effective trap crop strategy. Furthermore a less susceptible cultivar of oilseed rape as main crop in combination with a highly attractive trap crop could contribute to a better efficacy of the perimeter strips for insect pest management. Buch 21.0 x 14.8 x 0.7 cm , Cuvillier Verlag, Cuvillier Verlag<

2012, ISBN: 3954042622

Kartoniert / Broschiert, mit Schutzumschlag 11, [PU:Cuvillier; Jentzsch-Cuvillier, Annette]

2012, ISBN: 3954042622

Kartoniert / Broschiert, mit Schutzumschlag 11, [PU:Cuvillier; Cuvillier Verlag]